Kay, working with Dan Ingalls and Adele Goldberg, designed a new programming language and development environment that embodied this paradigm, running on an Alto. The other was a new paradigm for programming, dubbed “object-oriented programming,” by Alan Kay. One was pervasive networking between personal computers, which Xerox had with Ethernet, which it invented, in every one of its Alto workstations. Xerox Alto CHM# 102626737, 102656238, X1741.99C, X1741.99D, X124.82Cĭuring the 1997 MacWorld demo, Jobs revealed that in 1979 he had actually missed a glimpse of two other PARC technologies that were critical to the future. In January 1997, at the annual Macworld Expo trade show, Steve Jobs triumphantly returned onstage as an Apple employee for the first time since 1985, this time to explain what he thought Apple needed to survive and become great again, and how NeXTSTEP technology could help Apple achieve it.
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Failing to produce one of its own, Apple acquired NeXT in order to make NeXTSTEP the basis for what eventually became Mac OS X. In 1996, Apple was itself in dire straits, and needed to replace its aging Mac OS with a more modern and robust operating system.
The NeXTSTEP development platform, renamed “OpenStep,” was ported to other hardware and other operating systems, including Intel processors and Sun workstations.
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Its hardware business flagging, by 1993 NeXT was forced to close down its factory, becoming a software company focused on custom applications development for the enterprise. Both NeXTSTEP and NeXT’s computers were state of the art, but the computers were too expensive for the education market NeXT targeted. NeXT was founded by Steve Jobs upon resigning from Apple after he had been stripped of power following an attempted boardroom coup. Commonly these come in the form of Application Program Interfaces, or “APIs,” which are interfaces or “calls” into functions provided by the platform’s built-in libraries.) OS X and Cocoa, which first shipped in March 2001, were in turn based on the NeXTSTEP (originally capitalized as “NeXTStep”) operating and development environment. (An SDK is the set of tools and software libraries that application developers use to build their apps. More importantly, iOS’s software development kit (SDK), known as “Cocoa Touch,” is based on the same principles and foundations as Mac OS X’s desktop SDK, Cocoa. CHM# 102626734Īpple’s iOS is based on its desktop operating system, Mac OS X. NeXT’s greatest innovation was the NeXTSTEP operating environment. NeXT evolved into a software company after the Cube and several other NeXT hardware products failed in the marketplace. The NeXT Cube (1990) was a masterpiece of engineering… but too expensive.
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